This course discusses the interaction between plants, soils and crops. Students will be exposed on agroforestry systems that involve sharing space below ground and above ground. Trees and plants interact in various ways, including positive and negative interaction effect on the growth of both trees and crops. This course will also discuss the processes involved such as the cycle of soil organic matter, nutrients and water. Practical and appropriate site visit will be conducted.

This course will expose students to the field of physical hydrology in the forest ecosystem. Detail discussion on the water cycle components will help students to understand the importance of each process involved, and able to apply the knowledge further in the management of forest or specifically in water catchment area. Students will also be taught how to do hydrological data observation for example, rainfall, interception, infiltration, evaporation and river discharge. Other topics that will also be discussed are variation in the weather, climate change, monitoring and water quality analyses and human impacts on hydrological regime.