This course focuses on the definition, history, scope, impacts, and challenges within the rapidly emerging and revolutionary field of nanotechnology. The course discusses techniques of the production of various nanomaterials such as graphenes, silicenes, nanotubes, nanorods, colloids, dots, clusters, wires, thin films etc. The pros and cons of the “top down” and “bottom up” approach in the nanotechnology will be discussed. The state-of-the-art instruments such as spectroscopy, radiation scattering, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction etc. that are important for the characterization of nanomaterial and nanotechnology will be discussed too.