This course emphasises the second stage of landscape improvement, from preconstruction activities to details of works associated with landscape construction. It provides the opportunity for students to get hands-on training on small-scale landscape construction projects.

This course will begin with a brief introduction to plant pathology and its importance. Biotic agents (bacteria, fungi, virus, nematodes, etc.) and some abiotic agents responsible for crop diseases will be highlighted. Disease cycle, plant responses to plant pathogens attack, the mechanisms of infection, and defense mechanisms against plant pathogens will be detailed. The disease symptoms and the control methods (chemical, cultural, and biotechnological measures) will be highlighted. The concepts of field and laboratory diagnostic procedures, and the Koch's Postulates will be taught in practical sessions

This course will cover the management practices and infrastructure related to the cultivation of major cereal crops such as rice, maize and others. Apart from that, post-harvesting, handling, storage, and processing of products will be learnt and discussed. Finally, utilisation of crop products for human consumption, snack food industries, and industrial applications will be taught